This paper reviewed the current endemic features and situation of schistosomiasis in lake and marshland regions in China, and discussed the comprehensive control strategy for schistosomiasis with emphasis on infectious sources control, including its theoretical basis, the reality conditions of implementation and technical composition, and also introduced the effectiveness of the pilot trails and their large-scale application as well as several issues in the implementation. The aim of the review is to accelerate the process of schistosomiasis control in lake and marshland regions and promote the achievement of mid- and long-term goals in national schistosomiasis control program.