The malaria elimination program of China launched in July 2010, and planned to eliminate malaria by 2020. Most of people were optimistic, meanwhile, some of others doubted on that. This paper introduces both the opportunities and challenges of malaria elimination in China at present, and indicates that it is advantageous timing to conduct malaria elimination program in China now, but the goal of elimination only can be reached if we could timely change the concept, seize those opportunities and deal with those challenges, as well as accelerate the technique innovation and breakthrough by scientific research.