Background: With recent advances in endovascular treatment, percutaneous endoluminal angioplasty has become particularly attractive for arterial lesions of Takayasu arteritis. However, data came from case reports or small series, and the long-term outcome has not been reported. The incidence of potential vascular complications after surgery or endovascular treatment is still to be determined.
Methods and results: This retrospective multicenter study analyzed the results and outcomes of 79 consecutive patients with Takayasu arteritis (median age, 39 years; interquartile range [IQR], 25-50 years; 63 women [79.7%]) who underwent 166 vascular procedures (surgery, 104 [62.7%]; endovascular repair, 62 [37.3%]) for the management of arterial complications. After a follow-up of 6.5 years (IQR, 2.2-11.5 years), 70 complications were observed, including restenosis (n=53), thrombosis (n=7), bleeding (n=6), and stroke (n=4). The overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year arterial complication-free survival rates were 78% (IQR, 69%-88%), 67% (IQR, 57%-78%), 56% (IQR, 46%-70%), and 45% (IQR, 34%-60%), respectively. Among the 104 surgical procedures, 39 (37.5%) presented a complication compared with 31 of the 62 (50%) with endovascular repair. In multivariate analysis, biological inflammation at the time of revascularization (odds ratio, 7.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-39.39; P=0.04) was independently associated with the occurrence of arterial complications after the vascular procedure. Patients who experienced complications had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein (P<0.001) and fibrinogen (P<0.005) serum levels compared with those without complications.
Conclusions: The overall 5-year arterial complication rate was 44%. Biological inflammation increased the likelihood of complications after revascularization in patients with Takayasu arteritis.