PKD (protein kinase D) 2 is a serine/threonine kinase activated by diacylglycerol in response to engagement of antigen receptors in lymphocytes. To explore PKD2 regulation and function in TCR (T-cell antigen receptor) signal transduction we expressed TCR complexes with fixed affinity for self antigens in the T-cells of PKD2-null mice or mice deficient in PKD2 catalytic activity. We also developed a single cell assay to quantify PKD2 activation as T-cells respond to developmental stimuli or engagement of α/β TCR complexes in vivo. Strikingly, PKD2 loss caused increases in thymic output, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in TCR transgenic mice. The precise magnitude and timing of PKD2 activation during T-cell development is thus critical to regulate thymic homoeostasis. PKD2-null T-cells that exit the thymus have a normal transcriptome, but show a limited and abnormal transcriptional response to antigen. Transcriptional profiling reveals the full consequences of PKD2 loss and maps in detail the selective, but critical, function for PKD2 in signalling by α/β mature TCR complexes in peripheral T-cells.