Midterm outcomes and risk stratification after endovascular therapy for patients with critical limb ischaemia due to isolated below-the-knee lesions

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2012 Mar;43(3):313-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.11.025. Epub 2012 Jan 10.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess and risk stratify midterm clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) by angioplasty only of patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) due to isolated below-the-knee (BTK) lesions.

Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Materials and methods: Between March 2004 and October 2010, 465 limbs (Rutherford 5 and 6: 79%) from 406 patients were studied. Overall survival, limb salvage, and re-intervention were examined out to 3 years by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Their independent predictors and risk stratification were analysed.

Results: Patient age was 71 ± 11 yrs, with 69% diabetics and 60% on dialysis. Mean follow-up was 18 ± 15 months. Overall survival was 76 ± 2 and 57 ± 4% at 1 and 3, years, respectively. Survival predictors were body mass index <18, non-ambulatory status and ejection fraction <45%. Two-year limb salvage rate was 80 ± 2%. Factors associated with major amputation were ulcers (Rutherford 6), diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein>5 mg/dL, and age < 60 years. Two-year freedom from re-intervention was 66 ± 3%; age and below-the-ankle runoff number after angioplasty was negatively associated with re-intervention.

Conclusions: Despite relatively high mortality and re-intervention rates, limb salvage rate was acceptable after EVT for CLI patients with isolated BTK lesions. Risk stratification allows occurrence estimation for each end point.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Amputation, Surgical
  • Angioplasty, Balloon*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cause of Death
  • Comorbidity
  • Diabetes Mellitus / epidemiology
  • Dyslipidemias / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / epidemiology
  • Ischemia / mortality
  • Ischemia / surgery*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / epidemiology
  • Leg / blood supply*
  • Leg / surgery*
  • Limb Salvage / methods*
  • Limb Salvage / statistics & numerical data*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Reoperation
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Smoking / epidemiology
  • Survival Rate
  • Treatment Outcome