The nanochannel (in a porous layer) and ion-channel (in a barrier layer) hybrid structure of anodic alumina is used as a protein-trapping device. The transmembrane potential drives the electromigration of the charged proteins (FITC-labeled) into the nanochannels, but electromigration across the barrier layer is impossible due to the size-exclusion effect. As a result, the proteins can be continuously trapped in the nanochannels.
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