Value of contrast enhanced CT scanning in the non-trauma emergency room patient

Neuroradiology. 1990;32(4):261-4. doi: 10.1007/BF00593043.

Abstract

To determine the value of performing contrast CT in addition to non-contrast CT in the evaluation of acute non-traumatic central nervous system disorders, we retrospectively reviewed 322 cases originating from the emergency room at our institution. The most common indication for scanning was seizure activity (34% of total), followed by headache (30%), focal neurological deficit (10%), and altered mental status (8%). 75% of the non-contrast scans were normal. The contrast-enhanced scan revealed abnormalities not evident on the non-contrast scan in only three of these cases, and the information did not alter patient management. We conclude that in the acute setting, if a non-contrast CT is normal, a contrast study is usually unnecessary. Therefore, given the additional risks of contrast infusion, the contrast study, if needed, is generally best obtained at a later date, after more careful evaluation of the patient's history and medical records. If the non-contrast CT scan is abnormal, a contrast enhanced CT scan may be beneficial, but, again, is often not needed to direct acute patient management.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Central Nervous System Diseases / diagnostic imaging*
  • Child
  • Contrast Media*
  • Emergencies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Iothalamate Meglumine
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed* / methods

Substances

  • Contrast Media
  • Iothalamate Meglumine