Expansion of cortical and medullary sinuses restrains lymph node hypertrophy during prolonged inflammation

J Immunol. 2012 Apr 15;188(8):4065-80. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101854. Epub 2012 Mar 19.

Abstract

During inflammation, accumulation of immune cells in activated lymph nodes (LNs), coupled with a transient shutdown in lymphocyte exit, results in dramatic cellular expansion. Counter-regulatory measures to restrain LN expansion must exist and may include re-establishment of lymphocyte egress to steady-state levels. Indeed, we show in a murine model that egress of lymphocytes from LNs was returned to steady-state levels during prolonged inflammation following initial retention. This restoration in lymphocyte egress was supported by a preferential expansion of cortical and medullary sinuses during late inflammation. Cortical and medullary sinus remodeling during late inflammation was dependent on temporal and spatial changes in vascular endothelial growth factor-A distribution. Specifically, its expression was restricted to the subcapsular space of the LN during early inflammation, whereas its expression was concentrated in the paracortical and medullary regions of the LN at later stages. We next showed that this process was mostly driven by the synergistic cross-talk between fibroblastic reticular cells and interstitial flow. Our data shed new light on the biological significance of LN lymphangiogenesis during prolonged inflammation and further underscore the collaborative roles of stromal cells, immune cells, and interstitial flow in modulating LN plasticity and function.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adoptive Transfer
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / pharmacology
  • Cell Communication
  • Cell Movement
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Endothelial Cells / immunology
  • Endothelial Cells / pathology
  • Female
  • Hypertrophy
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Inflammation / pathology
  • Injections, Intraperitoneal
  • Lymph Nodes / immunology*
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymphangiogenesis
  • Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Lymphocytes / pathology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Stromal Cells / immunology
  • Stromal Cells / pathology
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A