Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide and threatens to shorten lifespan. Impaired insulin action in peripheral tissues is a major pathogenic factor. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in adipose tissue through the GLUT4 (also known as SLC2A4) glucose transporter, and alterations in adipose tissue GLUT4 expression or function regulate systemic insulin sensitivity. Downregulation of human and mouse adipose tissue GLUT4 occurs early in diabetes development. Here we report that adipose tissue GLUT4 regulates the expression of carbohydrate-responsive-element-binding protein (ChREBP; also known as MLXIPL), a transcriptional regulator of lipogenic and glycolytic genes. Furthermore, adipose ChREBP is a major determinant of adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis and systemic insulin sensitivity. We find a new mechanism for glucose regulation of ChREBP: glucose-mediated activation of the canonical ChREBP isoform (ChREBP-α) induces expression of a novel, potent isoform (ChREBP-β) that is transcribed from an alternative promoter. ChREBP-β expression in human adipose tissue predicts insulin sensitivity, indicating that it may be an effective target for treating diabetes.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Adipocytes / metabolism
-
Adipose Tissue / cytology
-
Adipose Tissue / metabolism*
-
Adipose Tissue / pathology
-
Adiposity
-
Animals
-
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / chemistry
-
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / genetics
-
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / metabolism*
-
Blood Glucose / metabolism
-
Body Mass Index
-
Body Weight
-
Cells, Cultured
-
Cohort Studies
-
Cross-Sectional Studies
-
Diabetes Mellitus / blood
-
Diabetes Mellitus / genetics
-
Diabetes Mellitus / metabolism
-
Female
-
Gene Expression Regulation / genetics
-
Genotype
-
Glucose / metabolism*
-
Glucose / pharmacology
-
Glucose Intolerance / genetics
-
Glucose Transporter Type 4 / biosynthesis
-
Glucose Transporter Type 4 / genetics
-
Glucose Transporter Type 4 / metabolism
-
Homeostasis / genetics
-
Humans
-
Insulin / metabolism
-
Insulin / pharmacology
-
Insulin Resistance / genetics
-
Lipogenesis
-
Male
-
Mice
-
Mice, Knockout
-
Molecular Sequence Data
-
Nuclear Proteins / chemistry
-
Nuclear Proteins / deficiency
-
Nuclear Proteins / genetics
-
Nuclear Proteins / metabolism*
-
Obesity / genetics
-
Obesity / metabolism
-
Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
-
Protein Isoforms / chemistry
-
Protein Isoforms / genetics
-
Protein Isoforms / metabolism
-
RNA, Messenger / genetics
-
RNA, Messenger / metabolism
-
Transcription Factors / chemistry
-
Transcription Factors / deficiency
-
Transcription Factors / genetics
-
Transcription Factors / metabolism*
Substances
-
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
-
Blood Glucose
-
Glucose Transporter Type 4
-
Insulin
-
MLXIPL protein, human
-
Mlxipl protein, mouse
-
Nuclear Proteins
-
Protein Isoforms
-
RNA, Messenger
-
SLC2A4 protein, human
-
Transcription Factors
-
Glucose
Associated data
-
GENBANK/JQ437838
-
GEO/GSE35378