Abstract
Modification patterns of heparan sulfate coordinate protein function in metazoans, yet in vivo imaging of such non-genetically encoded structures has been impossible. Here we report a transgenic method in Caenorhabditis elegans that allows direct live imaging of specific heparan sulfate modification patterns. This experimental approach reveals a dynamic and cell-specific heparan sulfate landscape and could in principle be adapted to visualize and analyze any extracellular molecule in vivo.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Animals, Genetically Modified
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Caenorhabditis elegans / chemistry*
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Caenorhabditis elegans / genetics
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Caenorhabditis elegans / metabolism
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / chemistry*
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
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Heparitin Sulfate / chemistry*
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Heparitin Sulfate / genetics
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Microscopy, Fluorescence / methods
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Single-Chain Antibodies / chemistry*
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Single-Chain Antibodies / genetics
Substances
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Single-Chain Antibodies
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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Heparitin Sulfate