This study analyzed self-rated health in the elderly according to demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related behavior. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a cluster sample using data from a survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil (ISACamp 2008-2009). Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using multiple Poisson regression. The study enrolled 1,432 elderly. Prevalence of excellent/very good health was 24.6% and was significantly higher in the elderly with more schooling, higher income, no religion, living alone, home computer, alcohol consumption 1-4 times a month, physical activity during leisure-time, no obesity, and fruit and vegetable consumption ≥ 4 times a week. Some of the findings are scarce in the literature and indicate relevant topics for further investigation. The results highlight the need for greater attention to socially vulnerable groups and the development of strategies to promote healthy habits in the elderly.