A short amino-terminal part of Arabidopsis phytochrome A induces constitutive photomorphogenic response

Mol Plant. 2012 May;5(3):629-41. doi: 10.1093/mp/sss035. Epub 2012 Apr 11.

Abstract

Phytochrome A (phyA) is the dominant photoreceptor of far-red light sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana. phyA accumulates at high levels in the cytoplasm of etiolated seedlings, and light-induced phyA signaling is mediated by a complex regulatory network. This includes light- and FHY1/FHL protein-dependent translocation of native phyA into the nucleus in vivo. It has also been shown that a short N-terminal fragment of phyA (PHYA406) is sufficient to phenocopy this highly regulated cellular process in vitro. To test the biological activity of this N-terminal fragment of phyA in planta, we produced transgenic phyA-201 plants expressing the PHYA406-YFP (YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN)-DD, PHYA406-YFP-DD-NLS (nuclear localization signal), and PHYA406-YFP-DD-NES (nuclear export signal) fusion proteins. Here, we report that PHYA406-YFP-DD is imported into the nucleus and this process is partially light-dependent whereas PHYA406-YFP-DD-NLS and PHYA406-YFP-DD-NES display the expected constitutive localization patterns. Our results show that these truncated phyA proteins are light-stable, they trigger a constitutive photomorphogenic-like response when localized in the nuclei, and neither of them induces proper phyA signaling. We demonstrate that in vitro and in vivo PHYA406 Pfr and Pr bind COP1, a general repressor of photomorphogenesis, and co-localize with it in nuclear bodies. Thus, we conclude that, in planta, the truncated PHYA406 proteins inactivate COP1 in the nuclei in a light-independent fashion.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Arabidopsis / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / growth & development*
  • Arabidopsis / radiation effects*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / chemistry*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism*
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Cell Nucleus / radiation effects
  • Hypocotyl / growth & development
  • Hypocotyl / radiation effects
  • Intracellular Space / metabolism
  • Intracellular Space / radiation effects
  • Light*
  • Morphogenesis / radiation effects*
  • Nuclear Localization Signals / metabolism
  • Phenotype
  • Phytochrome A / chemistry*
  • Phytochrome A / metabolism*
  • Plants, Genetically Modified
  • Protein Binding / radiation effects
  • Protein Transport / radiation effects
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Seedlings / growth & development
  • Seedlings / metabolism
  • Seedlings / radiation effects
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / metabolism

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Nuclear Localization Signals
  • PHYA protein, Arabidopsis
  • Phytochrome A
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • AT2G32950 protein, Arabidopsis
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases