Based on the transmission status of schistosomiasis in People's Republic of China, the challenges and road map for achieving the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis by 2020 in the country was discussed, particularly focused on elimination strategy, surveillance and response approaches, and key technique needs in the three stages, e.g. pre-elimination, elimination and post-elimination stages. Recommendation of strengthening studies on transmission threshold and technological innovation at the low transmission level of schistosomiasis japonica were put forward.