Blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured in proband children with different levels of arterial pressure and in their relatives in the populational familial study. Based on intrafamilial correlations the component analysis of the phenotypic dispersion of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations was performed. Qualitative and quantitative differences were shown to exist in genetic and environmental determinants of lipids and lipoproteins in the families of probands with low, high and normal levels of arterial pressure.