Gentiopicroside attenuates morphine rewarding effect through downregulation of GluN2B receptors in nucleus accumbens

CNS Neurosci Ther. 2012 Aug;18(8):652-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00338.x. Epub 2012 May 24.

Abstract

Aims: Gentiopicroside (Gent) is one of the secoiridoid compound isolated from Gentiana lutea. This compound exhibits analgesic activities and inhibits the expression of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in mice. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a forebrain structure known for its role in drug addiction. However, little is known about the role of Gent on morphine dependence and synaptic transmission changes in the NAc.

Methods: Conditioned place preference (CPP) test and behavioral sensitization of locomotor activity were used to investigate drug-seeking related behaviors. Brain slices containing NAc were prepared, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to record the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). Expression of proteins was detected by Western blot analysis.

Results: Systemic administration of Gent attenuated the CPP effect induced by morphine, but had no effect on morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Gent significantly reversed overexpression of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors and dopamine D2 receptors in NAc during the first week of morphine withdrawal. However, the compound did not affect the overexpression of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors, GluA1, and dopamine D1 receptors. Lastly, Gent significantly reduced NMDA receptors-mediated EPSCs in the NAc.

Conclusion: Our study provides strong evidence that Gent inhibits morphine dependence through downregulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in the NAc.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics, Opioid / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Behavior, Addictive / drug therapy
  • Behavior, Addictive / psychology
  • Blotting, Western
  • Conditioning, Operant / drug effects
  • Down-Regulation / drug effects
  • Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / drug effects
  • Iridoid Glucosides / pharmacology*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Morphine / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Morphine / pharmacology*
  • Motor Activity / drug effects
  • Nucleus Accumbens / drug effects
  • Nucleus Accumbens / metabolism*
  • Patch-Clamp Techniques
  • Receptors, Dopamine D2 / metabolism
  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / biosynthesis*
  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / drug effects
  • Reward

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Iridoid Glucosides
  • NR2B NMDA receptor
  • Receptors, Dopamine D2
  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
  • gentiopicroside
  • Morphine