Fabrication of Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles attached to graphene oxide and its use as an adsorbent

Amino-functionalized Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2) core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles with tetraethyl orthosilicate and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to introduce amino groups on the surface. The amino groups on the Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2) were reacted with the carboxylic groups of graphene oxide (GO) with the aid of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinnimide to form Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)GO nanoparticles. The structural, surface, and magnetic characteristics of the material were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of methylene blue on the Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)GO were studied in a batch system. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 97.0, 102.6, and 111.1 mg g(-1) at 25, 45, and 60°C, respectively. A second-order kinetic equation could best describe the sorption kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the material was thermodynamically feasible and could occur spontaneously.