Abstract
The term autoimmune synaptic encephalitis (ASE) comprises encephalitides associated with autoantibodies against structures of the neuronal synapse. We review four types of ASE (anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, anti-α-amine-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor encephalitis, anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor 1 encephalitis and anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis) including their epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment.
MeSH terms
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Animals
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Autoantibodies / metabolism
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Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System* / diagnosis
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Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System* / immunology
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Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System* / physiopathology
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Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System* / therapy
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Child
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Encephalitis* / diagnosis
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Encephalitis* / immunology
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Encephalitis* / physiopathology
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Encephalitis* / therapy
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Female
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Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
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Humans
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Male
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Mental Disorders / etiology
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Prognosis
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Rats
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Receptors, GABA-B / genetics
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Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / genetics
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Synapses* / immunology
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Synapses* / physiology
Substances
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Autoantibodies
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Receptors, GABA-B
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Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate