The factor structure of major depression symptoms: a test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

Psychiatry Res. 2012 Oct 30;199(3):169-73. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.018. Epub 2012 Jun 12.

Abstract

Little research has examined the underlying symptom structure of major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria. Our aim was to analyze the symptom structure of major depression, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 was administered to a sample of 2615 Army National Guard soldiers from Ohio. A one-factor model of depression and three separate two-factor models previously established in the literature were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results demonstrated greater support for the two-factor models of depression than for the one-factor model. The best fitting model was the two-factor model of somatic and non-somatic symptoms supported previously by Krause et al. (2010) and Richardson and Richards (2008). Implications for understanding the components and mechanisms of MDD are discussed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / diagnosis*
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interviews as Topic
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Models, Psychological*
  • Ohio
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Psychometrics
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Veterans / psychology