With a flick of the lid: a novel trapping mechanism in Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plants

PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38951. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038951. Epub 2012 Jun 13.

Abstract

Carnivorous pitcher plants capture prey with modified leaves (pitchers), using diverse mechanisms such as 'insect aquaplaning' on the wet pitcher rim, slippery wax crystals on the inner pitcher wall, and viscoelastic retentive fluids. Here we describe a new trapping mechanism for Nepenthes gracilis which has evolved a unique, semi-slippery wax crystal surface on the underside of the pitcher lid and utilises the impact of rain drops to 'flick' insects into the trap. Depending on the experimental conditions (simulated 'rain', wet after 'rain', or dry), insects were captured mainly by the lid, the peristome, or the inner pitcher wall, respectively. The application of an anti-slip coating to the lower lid surface reduced prey capture in the field. Compared to sympatric N. rafflesiana, N. gracilis pitchers secreted more nectar under the lid and less on the peristome, thereby directing prey mainly towards the lid. The direct contribution to prey capture represents a novel function of the pitcher lid.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Caryophyllaceae / physiology*
  • Insecta
  • Plant Leaves / physiology*
  • Predatory Behavior
  • Rain