Inversion of the uterus is a rare condition, basically described in old treatises on obstetrics. On the basis of one recent case, the authors recall details of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, while referring to previous older works. The usual description is given of the three anatomical degrees of inversion of the uterus, depending on the extent of invagination of the fundus of the uterus. The aetiology of this event is not always very clear, but faulty manoeuvres at the time of delivery may help to promote its occurrence. Diagnosis is relatively easy, except in cases which are not exteriorized. Treatment relies on reduction of the inversion, which should take place as early as possible, and prevention of a relapse. The prognosis was formerly catastrophic, but has currently been transformed by the progress made in improving intensive care.