Pulmonary impact of N-acetylcysteine in a controlled hemorrhagic shock model in rats

J Surg Res. 2013 Jun 1;182(1):108-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.07.037. Epub 2012 Aug 2.

Abstract

Background: Experimental hemorrhagic shock (HS) is based on controlling bleeding and the treatment of fluid resuscitation to restore tissue oxygenation and perfusion. The HS could promote ischemia/reperfusion injury, which induces a general exacerbation of the inflammatory process, initially compromising the lungs. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, may attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study evaluated the effect of NAC in association with fluid resuscitation on pulmonary injury in a controlled HS model in rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were submitted to controlled HS (mean arterial pressure of 35 mm Hg for 60 min). Two groups were constituted according to resuscitation solution administered: RLG (Ringer's lactate solution) and RLG+NAC (Ringer's lactate in association with 150 mg/kg NAC. A control group was submitted to catheterization only. After 120 min of resuscitation, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to assess intra-alveolar cell infiltration and pulmonary tissue was collected for assessment of malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 and histopathology.

Results: Compared with the RLG group, the RLG+NAC group showed lower bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cell numbers, lower interstitial inflammatory infiltration in pulmonary parenchyma, and lower malondialdehyde concentration. However, tissue cytokine (interleukin 6 and interleukin 10) expression levels were similar.

Conclusion: N-acetylcysteine was associated with fluid resuscitation-attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory cell infiltration in pulmonary parenchyma. N-acetylcysteine did not modify cytokine expression.

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcysteine / pharmacology*
  • Acetylcysteine / therapeutic use*
  • Acute Lung Injury / metabolism
  • Acute Lung Injury / pathology
  • Acute Lung Injury / prevention & control*
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / therapeutic use
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Fluid Therapy
  • Interleukin-10 / metabolism
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Lung / drug effects*
  • Lung / metabolism
  • Lung / pathology*
  • Male
  • Malondialdehyde / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Reperfusion Injury / metabolism
  • Reperfusion Injury / pathology
  • Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control*
  • Resuscitation
  • Shock, Hemorrhagic / complications*

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Interleukin-6
  • Interleukin-10
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Acetylcysteine