Abstract
α-Tocopherol, the most biologically active member of the vitamin E family of fat soluble compounds, exhibits both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Here, we show that, unlike other antioxidants, α-tocopherol stimulates the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Inhibitor studies demonstrate that the prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors and adenylyl cyclases mediate the effects of α-tocopherol on cAMP production. Additionally, we show that α-tocopherol attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. This study provides novel evidence that α-tocopherol stimulates cAMP signaling, suggesting a mechanism of action for the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E.
Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Adenylyl Cyclases / metabolism
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Antioxidants / administration & dosage
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Antioxidants / pharmacology
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Cells, Cultured
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Chemokine CCL5 / biosynthesis
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Cyclic AMP / biosynthesis*
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Humans
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Immunologic Factors / administration & dosage
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Immunologic Factors / pharmacology
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Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
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Interleukin-17 / biosynthesis
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Interleukin-2 / biosynthesis
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Interleukin-8 / biosynthesis
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / drug effects*
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism*
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype / metabolism
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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alpha-Tocopherol / administration & dosage
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alpha-Tocopherol / pharmacology*
Substances
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Antioxidants
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CCL5 protein, human
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CXCL8 protein, human
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Chemokine CCL5
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IL2 protein, human
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Immunologic Factors
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Inflammation Mediators
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Interleukin-17
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Interleukin-2
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Interleukin-8
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PTGER2 protein, human
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PTGER4 protein, human
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
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Cyclic AMP
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Adenylyl Cyclases
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alpha-Tocopherol