Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice: study of antipsychotic treatment prior to clozapine initiation

Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;201(6):481-5. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.105833. Epub 2012 Sep 6.

Abstract

Background: Clozapine is the only antipsychotic drug licensed for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but its use is often delayed. Since previous studies, national guidelines on the use of clozapine and other antipsychotics have been disseminated to clinicians.

Aims: To determine the theoretical delay to clozapine initiation and to quantify the prior use of antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotic treatment.

Method: Clinico-demographic data were extracted from the treatment records of all patients commencing clozapine in our centre between 2006 and 2010.

Results: Complete records were available for 149 patients. The mean theoretical delay in initiating clozapine was 47.7 months (s.d. = 49.7). Before commencing clozapine, antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose treatment was evident in 36.2 and 34.2% of patients respectively. Theoretical delay was related to illness duration (β = 0.7, P<0.001) but did not differ by gender or ethnicity.

Conclusions: Substantial delays to clozapine initiation remain and antipsychotic polypharmacy and high doses are commonly used prior to clozapine, despite treatment guidelines.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antipsychotic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Clozapine / therapeutic use*
  • Drug Resistance
  • Drug Substitution
  • Female
  • Guideline Adherence / standards
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Polypharmacy
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic / standards
  • Schizophrenia / drug therapy*
  • Time-to-Treatment

Substances

  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • Clozapine