Left ventricular reverse remodeling with a continuous flow left ventricular assist device measured by left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and severity of mitral regurgitation

ASAIO J. 2012 Nov-Dec;58(6):574-7. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0b013e31826e4267.

Abstract

Pulsatile flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) maximally unload the left ventricle (LV), leading to reverse remodeling of the myopathic LV that manifests as decreased LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and decreased severity of mitral regurgitation (MR). There is a paucity of data, however, regarding the ability of continuous flow (CF) pumps to adequately decompress the LV to induce similar reverse remodeling. We sought to evaluate the effects of CF-LVADs on LV reverse remodeling. From March 2006 through July 2011, one hundred patients with chronic heart failure underwent implantation of CF-LVAD (93 HeartMate II LVADs and seven HeartWare LVADs) as bridge-to-transplant (n = 68) and destination therapies (n = 32). Echocardiograms and right heart catheterizations were reviewed preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months post-LVAD implantation. Mean age was 52.1 ± 12.1 years; etiology of heart failure was ischemic cardiomyopathy in 34 patients and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in 66 patients. Median LVAD support time was 378.3 days; 371.5 days for patients who received bridge-to-transplant therapy and 422.2 days for patients who underwent destination therapy. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension significantly decreased at 1 month post-LVAD implantation from 71.6 ± 12.4 to 58.3 ± 13.8 mm (p < 0.001). Severity of MR also significantly decreased from 76.0% of patients having moderate or severe MR preoperatively to 8.0% with moderate or severe MR at 1 month post-LVAD (p < 0.001). These reductions were maintained at 6 months. These data demonstrate the ability of a CF-LVAD to significantly decompress the LV, leading to significant reductions in LVEDD and severity of MR. This reverse remodeling was apparent in the early postoperative period and was sustained at 6 months. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether this correlates with clinical LV recovery.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Diastole*
  • Echocardiography
  • Female
  • Heart-Assist Devices*
  • Hemodynamics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mitral Valve Insufficiency / physiopathology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Ventricular Function, Left*
  • Ventricular Remodeling*