Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of the antidiabetic agent ertugliflozin (PF-04971729) in healthy male subjects

Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):445-56. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.049551. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

Abstract

The disposition of ertugliflozin (PF-04971729), an orally active selective inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2, was studied after a single 25-mg oral dose of [(14)C]-ertugliflozin to healthy human subjects. Mass balance was achieved with approximately 91% of the administered dose recovered in urine and feces. The total administered radioactivity excreted in feces and urine was 40.9% and 50.2%, respectively. The absorption of ertugliflozin in humans was rapid with a T(max) at ∼1.0 hour. Of the total radioactivity excreted in feces and urine, unchanged ertugliflozin collectively accounted for ∼35.3% of the dose, suggestive of moderate metabolic elimination in humans. The principal biotransformation pathway involved glucuronidation of the glycoside hydroxyl groups to yield three regioisomeric metabolites, M4a, M4b, and M4c (∼39.3% of the dose in urine), of which M4c was the major regioisomer (∼31.7% of the dose). The structure of M4a and M4c were confirmed to be ertugliflozin -4-O-β- and -3-O-β-glucuronide, respectively, via comparison of the HPLC retention time and mass spectra with authentic standards. A minor metabolic fate involved oxidation by cytochrome P450 to yield monohydroxylated metabolites M1 and M3 and des-ethyl ertugliflozin (M2), which accounted for ∼5.2% of the dose in excreta. In plasma, unchanged ertugliflozin and the corresponding 4-O-β- (M4a) and 3-O-β- (M4c) glucuronides were the principal components, which accounted for 49.9, 12.2, and 24.1% of the circulating radioactivity. Overall, these data suggest that ertugliflozin is well absorbed in humans, and eliminated largely via glucuronidation.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Adult
  • Biotransformation
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / administration & dosage
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / blood
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / chemistry
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / pharmacokinetics*
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / urine
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Feces / chemistry
  • Glucuronides / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hydroxylation
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / blood
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / chemistry
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacokinetics*
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / urine
  • Intestinal Absorption
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Molecular Structure
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 / metabolism
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
  • Glucuronides
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • SLC5A2 protein, human
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
  • ertugliflozin