Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a viable therapy for various end-stage liver diseases. Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) have emerged as predominant pathogens. The prevalence of MDR-GNB infection has been increasing in LT recipients, especially in early post-LT stages. MDR-GNB infection has become a main cause of death following LT. Since key elements of MDR-GNB infection after LT mainly include the pre-LT severity of underlying disease, technical problems, acute rejection, and so on, appropriate measures, such as improvement of LT technology and management, restriction of antibiotic use and immunosuppressive therapy advancement, should be commenced to prevent and control the occurrence of MDR-GNB infection. A better understanding of the prevalence of and risk factors for MDR-GNB infection complications is needed to improve quality of life and survival rate after LT.