Pain in thalassaemia: the effects of age on pain frequency and severity

Br J Haematol. 2013 Mar;160(5):680-7. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12177. Epub 2012 Dec 30.

Abstract

Pain is not a symptom generally associated with thalassaemia. However, providers have noted increasing patient reports of pain, creating an impetus for this prospective, observational assessment of pain in thalassaemia patients. The primary study goals were to assess pain prevalence, severity, location, and potential risk factors. This was a multicentre, prospective study of thalassaemia patients receiving care at 12 Thalassaemia Clinical Research Network sites. Pain was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory. Two hundred and fifty-two thalassaemia patients ranging in age from 12 to 71 years (mean 28.8) were enrolled. Sixty-four per cent reported experiencing pain during the last 4 weeks, 22% of whom reported pain on a daily basis. Ordinal regression analysis of pain ratings demonstrated significant (P < 0.001) correlation of increased age with increased pain, irrespective of diagnosis, transfusion status, gender, bone density, chelator type or iron overload. Eighty-one per cent reported having pain for 1 year or longer and 31% reported pain for five or more years. Pain is a major cause of morbidity and an unrecognized problem for patients with thalassaemia. Age is the strongest predictor of frequency and severity. Little else is known about the aetiology and predictors of this pain syndrome.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors*
  • Aged
  • Analgesics / therapeutic use
  • Bone Diseases, Metabolic / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Chronic Pain / drug therapy
  • Chronic Pain / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Fractures, Spontaneous / epidemiology
  • Hemoglobins / analysis
  • Humans
  • Iron / blood
  • Iron Chelating Agents / therapeutic use
  • Iron Overload / drug therapy
  • Iron Overload / etiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pain / drug therapy
  • Pain / epidemiology*
  • Pain Measurement
  • Prospective Studies
  • Quality of Life
  • Risk Factors
  • Thalassemia / blood
  • Thalassemia / epidemiology*
  • Thalassemia / therapy
  • Transfusion Reaction
  • Young Adult
  • alpha-Thalassemia / epidemiology

Substances

  • Analgesics
  • Hemoglobins
  • Iron Chelating Agents
  • Iron