Lanthanide tags for site-specific ligation to an unnatural amino acid and generation of pseudocontact shifts in proteins

Bioconjug Chem. 2013 Feb 20;24(2):260-8. doi: 10.1021/bc300631z. Epub 2013 Jan 16.

Abstract

Pseudocontact shifts (PCS) from paramagnetic lanthanide ions present powerful long-range structural restraints for structural biology by NMR spectroscopy, but site-specific tagging of proteins with lanthanides remains a challenge, as most of the available lanthanide tags require proteins with single cysteine residues. We show that cyclen-based paramagnetic lanthanide tags can be attached to proteins in a site-specific manner by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to a genetically encoded p-azido-l-phenylalanine residue with a tether that proved sufficiently short and rigid for the observation of PCSs in several proteins. Despite the sterically demanding conditions associated with bulky tags and reactions close to the protein surface, ligation yields consistently above 50% and approaching 100% were obtained with the help of the Cu(I)-stabilizing ligand BTTAA. The yields were high independent of the presence of cysteine residues, thereby avoiding the need for cysteine mutations associated with conventional lanthanide-tagging strategies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alkynes / chemistry
  • Azides / chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Click Chemistry
  • Copper / chemistry
  • Cyclams
  • Cycloaddition Reaction
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / chemistry
  • Histidine / chemistry
  • Histidine / genetics
  • Humans
  • Lanthanoid Series Elements / chemistry*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Oligopeptides / chemistry
  • Oligopeptides / genetics
  • Phenylalanine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Phenylalanine / genetics
  • Proteins / chemistry*
  • Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Ubiquitin / chemistry
  • Ubiquitin / genetics

Substances

  • Alkynes
  • Azides
  • Cyclams
  • Heterocyclic Compounds
  • His-His-His-His-His-His
  • Lanthanoid Series Elements
  • Oligopeptides
  • Proteins
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Ubiquitin
  • Phenylalanine
  • Histidine
  • Copper
  • cyclen