Phosphoinositides play differential roles in regulating phototropin1- and phototropin2-mediated chloroplast movements in Arabidopsis

PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55393. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055393. Epub 2013 Feb 6.

Abstract

Phototropins are UVA/blue-light receptors involved in controlling the light-dependent physiological responses which serve to optimize the photosynthetic activity of plants and promote growth. The phototropin-induced phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism has been shown to be essential for stomatal opening and phototropism. However, the role of PIs in phototropin-induced chloroplast movements remains poorly understood. The aim of this work is to determine which PI species are involved in the control of chloroplast movements in Arabidopsis and the nature of their involvement. We present the effects of the inactivation of phospholipase C (PLC), PI3-kinase (PI3K) and PI4-kinase (PI4K) on chloroplast relocations in Arabidopsis. The inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphospahte [PI(4,5)P2]-PLC pathway, using neomycin and U73122, suppressed the phot2-mediated chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses, without affecting movement responses controlled by phot1. On the other hand, PI3K and PI4K activities are more restricted to phot1- and phot2-induced weak-light responses. The inactivation of PI3K and PI4K by wortmannin and LY294002 severely affected the weak blue-light-activated accumulation response but had little effect on the strong blue-light-activated avoidance response. The inhibitory effect observed with PI metabolism inhibitors is, at least partly, due to a disturbance in Ca(2+) ((c)) signaling. Using the transgenic aequorin system, we show that the application of these inhibitors suppresses the blue-light-induced transient Ca(2+) ((c)) rise. These results demonstrate the importance of PIs in chloroplast movements, with the PI(4,5)P2-PLC pathway involved in phot2 signaling while PI3K and PI4K are required for the phot1- and phot2-induced accumulation response. Our results suggest that these PIs modulate cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling during movements.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis / physiology*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism*
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Chloroplasts / metabolism
  • Chloroplasts / physiology*
  • Cytosol / metabolism
  • Cytosol / physiology
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositols / metabolism*
  • Phospholipases / metabolism
  • Phototropins / metabolism*
  • Phototropism / physiology
  • Plant Leaves / metabolism
  • Plant Leaves / physiology
  • Signal Transduction / physiology

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Phosphatidylinositols
  • Phototropins
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase
  • Phospholipases
  • Calcium

Grants and funding

Chhavi Aggarwal was supported from European Union (EU) funds within the framework of FP7, Marie Curie ITN, grant no. 215174 “Chloroplast Signals” (COSI) and from Polish National Science Center, grant no. 211/03/N/NZ3/00224. Justyna Labuz was supported by the grant of the Polish National Science Center, no. 2011/01/N/NZ3/00280 and funding from the Jagiellonian University within the SET project (co-financed by the European Union). The Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of Jagiellonian University is the beneficiary of structural funds from the European Union - grant No. POIG.02.01.00-12-064/08. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.