We consider small dynamical networks of coupled oscillators for which the network topology is unknown and try to use partial knowledge of the oscillators' dynamics to estimate both the network couplings and the states of the nodes. We focus on the case where the state time evolution from only one oscillator is available. We propose an adaptive strategy that uses synchronization between the true network and a replica network in order to estimate both the couplings and the states. The adaptive scheme is tested with several modules of coupled oscillators. We consider the effects of small mismatches in the parameters of the individual oscillators and we propose an alternative version of the strategy that is suitable to handle noise in the received signal.