Left atrial diameter, aortic mean gradient, and hemoglobin for risk stratification in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Clin Cardiol. 2013 Apr;36(4):228-34. doi: 10.1002/clc.22100. Epub 2013 Feb 28.

Abstract

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with high operative risk. In spite of favorable entire results, long-term mortality of patients is high.

Hypothesis: The present study aims to identify independent preprocedural risk factors to improve risk stratification in these highly selected patients.

Methods: This prospective study included 202 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic AS and high operative risk (mean logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation, 22±17%; mean age, 79±6 years; 107 female). Preprocedural comprehensive examinations were performed (laboratory, electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization). All patients received transfemoral or transaxillary TAVI with a CoreValve prosthesis (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN).

Results: During a follow-up of 535±333 days, 56 patients (28%) reached the primary study end point (all-cause mortality). Independent predictors of long-term mortality were as follows: hemoglobin<12.5 g/dL (hazard risk [HR], 3.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.025-6.468; P<0.001), aortic mean gradient≤41 mm Hg (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.272-3.655; P=0.004), and left atrial diameter>42 mm (HR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.588-6.019; P=0.001). Our risk-stratification model based on these independent predictors separated patients into 4 groups with high (74%), intermediate (37%), low (18%), and very low (3%) all-cause mortality.

Conclusions: In patients undergoing TAVI, preprocedural assessment of hemoglobin, aortic mean gradient, and left atrial diameter provides independent prognostic information and therefore contributes to improved risk stratification in TAVI.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aortic Valve / diagnostic imaging*
  • Aortic Valve / surgery*
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / surgery
  • Cardiac Catheterization
  • Cause of Death
  • Echocardiography
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Heart Atria / diagnostic imaging*
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / methods*
  • Hemoglobins*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • ROC Curve
  • Risk Assessment*

Substances

  • Hemoglobins