Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma

Head Neck. 2013 Nov;35(11):E343-5. doi: 10.1002/hed.23225. Epub 2013 Mar 8.

Abstract

Background: Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by local extension and an aggressive course. Treatment often includes a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, although the optimal strategy remains unclear. Here, we present the first reported case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from SNUC.

Methods and results: A 28-year-old man with rapidly progressive headaches, congestion, and exophthalmos was found to have a nasal mass. Biopsy revealed sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. He had a transient response to chemotherapy followed by a sustained response to concurrent chemoradiation. At the completion of radiation, he developed subtle neurologic findings and MRI revealed diffuse, bulky leptomeningeal spread. He was able to receive only a single fraction of external beam radiation to his spinal axis before his disease rapidly progressed, leading to respiratory failure and death.

Conclusions: Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma can be associated with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, which can lead to a fulminant clinical course.

Keywords: chemotherapy; leptomeningeal carcinomatosis; radiation; sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC).

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biopsy, Needle
  • Carcinoma / pathology*
  • Carcinoma / therapy
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Disease Progression
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / therapy
  • Meningeal Carcinomatosis / diagnosis
  • Meningeal Carcinomatosis / radiotherapy
  • Meningeal Carcinomatosis / secondary*
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / therapy
  • Rare Diseases
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / physiopathology

Supplementary concepts

  • Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma