In the field of gynecologic oncology, robotic-assisted surgery has emerged as an invaluable minimally invasive approach to comprehensive surgical staging and the treatment of cervical and endometrial cancer. This review focuses on operative indications for robotic surgery in several gynecologic disease sites and summarizes the available literature on perioperative outcomes for robotics compared with conventional methods and evolving common practice patterns among gynecologic oncologists. Areas of controversy surrounding this technology and justification of widespread use are also discussed, including the paucity of randomized controlled trials, long-term efficacy data, and cost-effectiveness research.