A-ring oxygenation modulates the chemistry and bioactivity of caged Garcinia xanthones

Org Biomol Chem. 2013 May 28;11(20):3341-8. doi: 10.1039/c3ob40395e.

Abstract

Natural products of the caged Garcinia xanthones (CGX) family are characterized by a unique chemical structure, potent bioactivities and promising pharmacological profiles. We have developed a Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction cascade that, in combination with a Pd(0)-catalyzed reverse prenylation, provides rapid and efficient access to the CGX pharmacophore, represented by the structure of cluvenone. To further explore this pharmacophore, we have synthesized various A-ring oxygenated analogues of cluvenone and have evaluated their bioactivities in terms of growth inhibition, mitochondrial fragmentation, induction of mitochondrial-dependent cell death and Hsp90 client inhibition. We found that installation of an oxygen functionality at various positions of the A-ring influences significantly both the site-selectivity of the Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction and the bioactivity of these compounds, due to remote electronic effects.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Garcinia / chemistry*
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Mitochondria / drug effects
  • Molecular Structure
  • Oxygen / chemistry*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Xanthones / chemical synthesis*
  • Xanthones / chemistry
  • Xanthones / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
  • Xanthones
  • gambogic acid
  • Oxygen