Objective: To report a case of adeno-carcinoma arising in an augmented bladder 41 years after the procedure.
Methods: After troublesome evaluation and fistula closure with urinary diversion by percutaneous nephrostomy, the patient underwent palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Result: He died 5 months after the onset of the fistula.
Conclusions: Development of adenocarcinoma in augmentation enterocystoplasties implies a mortality of about 30%. Early detection requires a high index of suspicion. Surveillance of augmented bladders, by annual cystoscopy and urine cytology, is therefore recommended.