Exploring mRNA 3'-UTR G-quadruplexes: evidence of roles in both alternative polyadenylation and mRNA shortening

Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jun;41(11):5898-911. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt265. Epub 2013 Apr 22.

Abstract

Guanine-rich RNA sequences can fold into non-canonical, four stranded helical structures called G-quadruplexes that have been shown to be widely distributed within the mammalian transcriptome, as well as being key regulatory elements in various biological mechanisms. That said, their role within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA remains to be elucidated and appreciated. A bioinformatic analysis of the 3'-UTRs of mRNAs revealed enrichment in G-quadruplexes. To shed light on the role(s) of these structures, those found in the LRP5 and FXR1 genes were characterized both in vitro and in cellulo. The 3'-UTR G-quadruplexes were found to increase the efficiencies of alternative polyadenylation sites, leading to the expression of shorter transcripts and to possess the ability to interfere with the miRNA regulatory network of a specific mRNA. Clearly, G-quadruplexes located in the 3'-UTRs of mRNAs are cis-regulatory elements that have a significant impact on gene expression.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 3' Untranslated Regions*
  • G-Quadruplexes*
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 / genetics
  • Polyadenylation*
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism*
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid*

Substances

  • 3' Untranslated Regions
  • FXR1 protein, human
  • LRP5 protein, human
  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5
  • RNA, Messenger
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid