Immunoregulatory effects of glycyrrhizic acid exerts anti-asthmatic effects via modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines and enhancement of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in ovalbumin-sensitized mice

J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Jul 30;148(3):755-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.021. Epub 2013 Apr 28.

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the main bioactive ingredient of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and has been found to be associated with multiple therapeutic properties.

Aim of the study: In this study, we investigated immunoregulatory effects of glycyrrhizic acid on anti-asthmatic effects and underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods: Asthma model was established by ovalbumin-induced. A total of 60 mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: control, model, dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) and GA (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg). Airway resistance (Raw) were measured by the forced oscillation technique, histological studies were evaluated by The hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Th1/Th2 and Th17 cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) was evaluated by Flow Cytometry (FCM), the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3) was evaluated by western blotting.

Results: Our study demonstrated that, compared with model group, GA inhibited OVA-induced increases in Raw and eosinophil count; interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels were recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared; increased IFN-γ level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; histological studies demonstrated that GA substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue and airway tissue compared with model group. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that GA substantially enhanced Tregs compared with model group.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that GA may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic asthma.

Keywords: (Dex); (ELISA); (Foxp3); (GA); (HE) staining; (Tregs); Anti-asthmatic; CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells; ELISA; Flow cytometry (FCM); Glycyrrhizic acid; Western blotting; dexamethasone; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; forkhead/winged helix transcription factor; glycyrrhizic acid; hematoxylin and eosin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Airway Resistance / drug effects
  • Allergens / immunology
  • Animals
  • Anti-Asthmatic Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Asthmatic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Asthma / drug therapy*
  • Asthma / immunology
  • Asthma / pathology
  • Asthma / physiopathology
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / immunology
  • Cytokines
  • Female
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / immunology
  • Glycyrrhizic Acid / pharmacology
  • Glycyrrhizic Acid / therapeutic use*
  • Immunoglobulin E / blood
  • Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / immunology
  • Lung / drug effects
  • Lung / immunology
  • Lung / pathology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Ovalbumin / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
  • Th1 Cells
  • Th2 Cells

Substances

  • Allergens
  • Anti-Asthmatic Agents
  • Cytokines
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors
  • Foxp3 protein, mouse
  • Il2ra protein, mouse
  • Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
  • Immunoglobulin E
  • Glycyrrhizic Acid
  • Ovalbumin