Abstract
HIV-1 infection and replication are affected by host factors. Recent studies demonstrate that molecules from apoptotic pathways regulate HIV-1 replication. Therefore, studies on effects of host factors that maintain host cell survival and influence HIV-1 replication are critical to understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 replicative cycle. Using the susceptible Jurkat cell line, CD4(+) T cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we studied the role of FLIP, an inhibitor of caspase-8, in HIV-1 production. Full length cellular FLIP (cFLIP) inhibited HIV-1 replication in these cells. cFLIP upregulated the expression of viral restriction factors, such as TRIM5, Apobec3G, and Bst2/tetherin, decreased nuclear factor 1C expression and inactivated ERK and p38 induced by HIV-1 in Jurkat cells. cFLIP blocked the trafficking of gp120 and Gag p24 capsid protein into lipid rafts with inhibition of Tsg101 and Alix in ESCRT signaling pathway. cFLIP also promoted Bst2/tetherin trafficking into lipid rafts. These results indicate that cFLIP may inhibit the HIV-1 replication cycle at multiple steps, including viral RNA release, transcription, traffic and assembly. We also found that cFLIP expression downregulated Fas expression and inactivated FADD in the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway. The inactivated FADD also inhibited HIV-1 replication.
Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MeSH terms
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APOBEC-3G Deaminase
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Antigens, CD / genetics
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Antigens, CD / metabolism
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Antiviral Restriction Factors
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Apoptosis / genetics
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CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / biosynthesis*
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CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / genetics
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CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / metabolism
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology*
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Carrier Proteins / genetics
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Caspase 8 / genetics
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Caspase 8 / metabolism
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cytidine Deaminase / genetics
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Cytidine Deaminase / metabolism
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DNA Replication / genetics*
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Down-Regulation
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Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein / genetics
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Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein / metabolism
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GPI-Linked Proteins / genetics
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GPI-Linked Proteins / metabolism
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HIV Core Protein p24 / genetics
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HIV Core Protein p24 / metabolism
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HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / genetics
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HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / metabolism
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HIV Infections / genetics
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HIV Infections / metabolism
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HIV Infections / virology
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HIV-1 / genetics*
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Humans
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Jurkat Cells / metabolism
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Jurkat Cells / virology*
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology*
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MAP Kinase Signaling System / genetics
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Membrane Microdomains / genetics
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Membrane Microdomains / metabolism
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Membrane Microdomains / virology
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NFI Transcription Factors / genetics
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NFI Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Tripartite Motif Proteins
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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Up-Regulation
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Virus Replication / genetics*
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Antiviral Restriction Factors
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BST2 protein, human
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CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein
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Carrier Proteins
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Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein
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GPI-Linked Proteins
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HIV Core Protein p24
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HIV Envelope Protein gp120
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NFI Transcription Factors
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Tripartite Motif Proteins
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gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
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p24 protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
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TRIM5 protein, human
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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Caspase 8
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APOBEC-3G Deaminase
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APOBEC3G protein, human
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Cytidine Deaminase