Abstract
We describe a systematic study of how macrocyclization in the P₁-P₃ region of hydroxyethylamine-based inhibitors of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE1) modulates in vitro activity. This study reveals that in a number of instances macrocyclization of bis-terminal dienes leads to improved potency toward BACE1 and selectivity against cathepsin D (CatD), as well as greater amyloid β-peptide (Aβ)-lowering activity in HEK293T cells stably expressing APPSW. However, for several closely related analogs the benefits of macrocyclization are attenuated by the effects of other structural features in different regions of the molecules. X-ray crystal structures of three of these novel macrocyclic inhibitors bound to BACE1 revealed their binding conformations and interactions with the enzyme.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / metabolism
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Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism
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Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / genetics
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Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / metabolism
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Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / metabolism
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Binding Sites
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Cathepsin D / metabolism
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Crystallography, X-Ray
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Ethylamines / chemistry*
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HEK293 Cells
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Humans
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Macrocyclic Compounds / chemical synthesis
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Macrocyclic Compounds / chemistry
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Macrocyclic Compounds / metabolism
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Protein Binding
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
Substances
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Amyloid beta-Peptides
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Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
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Ethylamines
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Macrocyclic Compounds
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Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases
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Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases
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BACE1 protein, human
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Cathepsin D
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ethylamine