Introduction: Most of recurrent pericarditis are idiopathic and only 15 to 20% have a specific diagnosis. Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare cause of recurrent pericarditis. Diagnosis can be challenging and antedates patient's death in only 10 to 20% of cases. Histology of mesothelioma and immunohistochemistry are mandatory for the diagnosis. Median of survival before using pemetrexed was about 6 months after diagnosis.
Case report: We report the history of a 64-year-old woman for which repeated biopsy for recurrent pericarditis was necessary to diagnose a primary pericardial mesothelioma. The first biopsy had only found mesothelial hyperplasia.
Conclusion: This case report highlights the necessity of repeat pericardial biopsy in the case of adverse outcome.
Keywords: Hyperplasie mésothéliale; Malignant mesothelioma; Mesothelial hyperplasia; Mésothéliome malin; Péricardite récidivante; Recurrent pericarditis.
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