IGF-1 receptor antagonism inhibits autophagy

Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Nov 15;22(22):4528-44. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt300. Epub 2013 Jun 25.

Abstract

Inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway increases lifespan and protects against neurodegeneration in model organisms, and has been considered as a potential therapeutic target. This pathway is upstream of mTORC1, a negative regulator of autophagy. Thus, we expected autophagy to be activated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) inhibition, which could account for many of its beneficial effects. Paradoxically, we found that IGF-1 inhibition attenuates autophagosome formation. The reduced amount of autophagosomes present in IGF-1R depleted cells can be, at least in part, explained by a reduced formation of autophagosomal precursors at the plasma membrane. In particular, IGF-1R depletion inhibits mTORC2, which, in turn, reduces the activity of protein kinase C (PKCα/β). This perturbs the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and decreases the rate of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which impacts autophagosome precursor formation. Finally, with important implications for human diseases, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of the IGF-1R signalling cascade reduces autophagy also in zebrafish and mice models. The novel link we describe here has important consequences for the interpretation of genetic experiments in mammalian systems and for evaluating the potential of targeting the IGF-1R receptor or modulating its signalling through the downstream pathway for therapeutic purposes under clinically relevant conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, where autophagy stimulation is considered beneficial.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Autophagy / drug effects*
  • Cell Line
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism
  • Macrolides / pharmacology
  • Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Models, Animal
  • Multiprotein Complexes / genetics
  • Multiprotein Complexes / metabolism
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / drug therapy
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / pathology
  • Protein Kinase C / genetics
  • Protein Kinase C / metabolism
  • Receptor, IGF Type 1 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Receptor, IGF Type 1 / genetics*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects*
  • Signal Transduction / genetics
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Zebrafish / genetics
  • Zebrafish / metabolism

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Macrolides
  • Multiprotein Complexes
  • bafilomycin A
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
  • Receptor, IGF Type 1
  • Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Protein Kinase C