Community diarrhea incidence before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Nicaragua

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Aug;89(2):246-50. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0026. Epub 2013 Jul 1.

Abstract

We estimated the incidence of watery diarrhea in the community before and after introduction of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in León, Nicaragua. A random sample of households was selected before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. All children < 5 years of age in selected households were eligible for inclusion. Children were followed every 2 weeks for watery diarrhea episodes. The incidence rate was estimated as numbers of episodes per 100 child-years of exposure time. A mixed effects Poisson regression model was fit to compare incidence rates in the pre-vaccine and vaccine periods. The pre-vaccine cohort (N = 726) experienced 36 episodes per 100 child-years, and the vaccine cohort (N = 826) experienced 25 episodes per 100 child-years. The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40, 0.91) during the vaccine period versus the pre-vaccine period, indicating a lower incidence of watery diarrhea in the community during the vaccine period.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Diarrhea / epidemiology
  • Diarrhea / prevention & control*
  • Diarrhea / virology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Nicaragua / epidemiology
  • Rotavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Rotavirus Infections / prevention & control*
  • Rotavirus Vaccines / administration & dosage*

Substances

  • Rotavirus Vaccines