Human intestinal metagenomics: state of the art and future

Over the last few years our understanding of human biology has undergone profound transformation. The key role of the 'world inside us', namely the gut microbiota, once considered a forgotten organ, has been revealed, with strong impact on our health and well-being. The present review highlights the most important recent findings on the role of gut microbiota and its impact on the host and raises crucial questions to be considered in future studies.