Currently published data do not demonstrate the benefit of any medical treatment in the prevention of the onset or the recurrence of colonic diverticular disease. No specific diet can be recommended to patients with colonic diverticula for the prevention of diverticular disease. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as corticosteroids should be used cautiously in patients with diverticular disease since they induce a higher rate of complications, especially diverticular haemorrhage and severe sigmoid diverticulitis. In patients over 50 years old, or if a sigmoidectomy is needed, physicians should perform a colonoscopy in order to rule out colonic polyps or neoplasm.