The bronchoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract is thought to be of major value recognizing and determining the severity of an inhalation injury in burn patients. From clinical observation however it can be questioned if the initial bronchoscopic aspect has indeed any prognostic significance concerning soon or later developing pulmonary complications in those patients. In 15 burn patients with inhalation injury the endoscopically evident lesions of the respiratory tract were classified and documented by photography. Additionally bronchus biopsies for histological examination were taken from different levels of the bronchus tree and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to gather lung cells of peripheral lung areas. Summarizing the results no firm relations between macroscopically classified degrees of respiratory damage and histopathological diagnosed destructions were found; patients, however, whose differentiation of BAL cells showed an extreme neutrophilia developed progressive lung insufficiency (ARDS) a few days later.