Gastroesophageal reflux as a predictor of complications after adenotonsillectomy in young children

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Sep;77(9):1575-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Aug 9.

Abstract

Objective: To examine characteristics of young children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) who experienced complications within the first 24h after adenotonsillectomy.

Study design: Subset analysis of a larger retrospective cohort.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at a tertiary care children's hospital. Consecutive records of children 3 years old and younger undergoing adenotonsillectomy (AT) over a 5-year period were reviewed. Children with a clinical history of GER were selected for the study.

Results: 993 children were included in the initial analysis, and GER was found to be a significant independent variable predictive of early complications. 81 children with a history of GER were included in this study and 8 (9.9%) were found to have experienced complications within the first 24h. Six of the complications were airway-related; two required re-intubation within the first 24h. All 8 children with complications had symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing and two had documented severe obstructive sleep apnea (AHI 18.6 and 27.2). Seven children had other risk factors for complications after AT. Eighteen (22%) children had a prolonged length of stay (range 2-7 days); additional risk factors were present in these patients as well.

Conclusions: Knowledge of risk factors for complications following adenotonsillectomy is critical for identifying at-risk patients that may warrant closer post-operative observation. GER has been previously identified as a risk factor for complications in young children. Upon closer analysis, young children with GER who have other known risk factors may be at a further increased risk for airway complications and prolonged hospitalization. Parents of these children can be counseled on the post-operative risks and the possibility of a longer hospitalization.

Keywords: Adenoidectomy; Airway obstruction; Complications; Gastroesophageal reflux; Tonsillectomy; Young children.

MeSH terms

  • Adenoidectomy / adverse effects*
  • Adenoidectomy / methods
  • Age Factors
  • Airway Obstruction / diagnosis*
  • Airway Obstruction / etiology
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / diagnosis*
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / epidemiology
  • Hospitals, Pediatric
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Monitoring, Physiologic / methods
  • Postoperative Care / methods
  • Postoperative Complications / diagnosis
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Tertiary Care Centers
  • Time Factors
  • Tonsillectomy / adverse effects*
  • Tonsillectomy / methods
  • Treatment Outcome