An autoimmune disease refractory to immunosuppressive regimens: celiac disease diagnosed long after liver transplantation

Pediatr Transplant. 2013 Nov;17(7):E156-60. doi: 10.1111/petr.12136. Epub 2013 Aug 21.

Abstract

CD is defined as T-lymphocyte-mediated gluten sensitivity. Although CD is known to affect the small intestine, it is nonetheless a multisystem disorder. Liver involvement in CD may vary from isolated hypertransaminasemia to cirrhosis. Because CD is an inappropriate immune response to gluten proteins, strict gluten-free diet is the principal therapy, along with management of liver dysfunction. In patients who fail to respond to a gluten-free diet, immunosuppressive drugs may improve intestinal inflammatory activity in untreated CD. The present case report is of a 25-yr-old woman with diarrhea lasting several weeks. The patient had received a liver transplant 13 yr earlier, and presented with cryptogenic cirrhosis diagnosed as CD. This appears to be the first case of its kind in which a pediatric long-term liver transplant patient presents with diarrhea eventually diagnosed as CD whose diet included gluten, and who was treated by an immunosuppressive drug regimen. Because of the normalization of CD-related antibodies in the post-transplantation period without gluten restriction, CD should be part of a list of diagnostic possibilities in liver transplant patients presenting with diarrhea of unknown etiology.

Keywords: celiac disease; immunosuppressive therapy; liver transplantation.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Autoimmune Diseases / complications*
  • Autoimmune Diseases / immunology*
  • Celiac Disease / complications
  • Celiac Disease / diagnosis*
  • Celiac Disease / etiology*
  • Diarrhea / etiology
  • Diet, Gluten-Free
  • Endoscopy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Inflammation
  • Liver Cirrhosis / congenital
  • Liver Cirrhosis / etiology
  • Liver Cirrhosis / therapy
  • Liver Diseases / complications
  • Liver Diseases / therapy
  • Liver Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents

Supplementary concepts

  • Cirrhosis, Cryptogenic