Prevalence and clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva

Background: Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) can be rarely ablated from the noncoronary cusp (NCC) of the aorta.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of idiopathic NCC VAs.

Methods: We studied 90 consecutive patients who underwent successful catheter ablation of idiopathic aortic root VAs (left coronary cusp [LCC] 33, right coronary cusp [RCC] 32, junction between LCC and RCC 19, NCC = 6).

Results: NCC VAs occurred in significantly younger patients (all <40 years old) and exhibited a shorter QRS duration (all but one <150 ms), smaller R-wave amplitude ratio in leads II and III (III/II), earlier ventricular activation in the His bundle (HB) region (all but one preceded QRS onset by >25 ms), and larger atrial to ventricular electrogram amplitude ratio (A/V) at the successful ablation site (all but one >1) than the other VAs. QRS morphology of the NCC VAs was similar to that of RCC VAs, but NCC VAs always exhibited a left bundle branch block and left superior (n = 1) or inferior axis (n = 5). All NCC VAs exhibited ventricular tachycardias, although premature ventricular contractions were dominant in the other VAs.

Conclusion: NCC VAs were very rare (7%) and occurred in significantly younger patients than those among the other aortic root VAs. In a limited set of six patients, the ECG and electrophysiologic characteristics of NCC VAs were similar to those of RCC VAs but were characterized by narrower QRS duration, smaller III/II ratio, earlier ventricular activation in the HB region, and A/V ratio >1 at the successful ablation site.