Objective: To clarify the effects and mechanisms of homoharringtonine (HHT) monomer therapy or combination therapy with arsenic trioxide (ATO) on human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line RPMI 8226 in in vitro researches.
Methods: Effects of HHT, ATO, and HHT combined ATO on the growth of MM cell line RPMI 8226 were detected using MTT assay. The morphological changes of cell apoptosis were detected by Hoechst staining. The early apoptosis rate was detected using flow cytometry. Expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-xl, and AKT protein were detected by Western blot.
Results: HHT and ATO inhibited the proliferation of RPM1 8226 cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Synergistic effects was shown in the combination group (Cl < 1). HHT and ATO induced the apoptosis of RPMI 8226 in a dose-dependent manner with typical morphological changes of apoptosis and higher early stage apoptosis rate. The enhancement in apoptotic induction was seen when two agents were combined. HHT activated expressions of Caspase-3 and PARP in a dose dependent manner at 24 h. HHT at 40 ng/mL and ATO at 8.5 micromol/L could significantly activate expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, and down-regulate expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Mcl-1. In addition, the combination therapy of HHT at 40 ng/mL and ATO at 8.5 micromol/L inhibited phosphorylation of AKT in a time-dependent manner.
Conclusion: HTT, ATO, and combination therapy of HHT and ATO induced the apoptosis of RPMI 8226 cell line possibly through activating Caspase pathways, regulating expressions of Bcl-2 families, and inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT.