The patients with chronic viral hepatitis or cirrhosis are a high-risk group for hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, those who should be screened for detecting HCC can be specified easily. Early detection of HCC leads to performing the curative therapy. However, HCC is easy to recur because of the underlying viral hepatitis and intrahepatic metastasis. After radical therapy, strict surveillance should be performed and if HCC recurs, strategy of treatment should follow the treatment algorithm of Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma.